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Magh Bihu (মাঘ বিহু) also knows as Bhogali Bihu (ভোগালী বিহু). (of eating Bhog i.e. enjoyment). it is celebrated with community feasts after the annual harvest. Bihu is considered as Assam's pride festival that identifies spirit and integrity.
In 2021, Magh Bihu is being celebrated on 15 January. According to Drikpanchang, the festival of Magh Bihu is dedicated to Agni, the Lord of Fire. In contrast, the rest of India celebrate Sankranti, which is dedicated to Surya, the Sun God.
The celebration of Magh Bihu is synonymous with feasts and bonfires. The day before Magh Bihu is known as Uruka, the last day of the month of Poush as per the Assamese calendar.
Bihu is a set of three important Assamese festivals which include Rongali or Bohag Bihu in April, Kongali or Kati Bihu in October, and Bhogali or Magh Bihu, observed in January.
Bihu word has been acquired from the Sanskrit term Bishu which roughly means 'to ask blessings and prosperity from the Gods' during the harvest season.
Bhog word means eating, referring to the festival where one eats with the community.
Magh Bihu sees various types of rice cakes, including sesame ortil pitha, narikol(coconut) pitha, tekeli, gila and sunga pitha along with other sweet dishes made of coconut called Laru being made and distributed among people.
"May you get all that you wish for. May all your dreams come true. May health and prosperity knock on your door. "
Everyone excited to celebrated Deepawali with family. Diwali is the festival of lights. This year, Diwali is very safe to celebrate Diwali with friends and family during Covid-19. Diwali means delicious food, rangoli, lights, and a display of colorful fireworks.
Are you looking forward for the festivities and family time? As you get busy with the celebrations it is also important to take some safety precautions. Many accidents take place during Diwali.
Did you know? These dazzling fireworks lead to thousands of emergency room visits each year during Diwali. They may cause serious injuries, some of which are irreversible. Firecrackers cause noise pollution as well as air pollution and they are best avoided. However, some families continue to burst firecrackers for their children. Here are a few ways to celebrate Diwali in a healthy and safe manner. As a responsible parent and citizen, you must ensure that everyone enjoys the festivities wholeheartedly and safely:
keeping in mind, Precautions to celebrate safe Diwali in COVID-19 here-
1. Don’t use sanitizer before lighting Diya/candles
Refrain from using hand sanitizers which are alcohol-based before lighting Deepak, candles, or any such thing. This is because sanitizers are inflammable and can cause fire hazards. It is recommended by the experts that you wash your hands with soap and water before doing anything which involves lighting fire.
2. Keep sanitizer away from fire
Sanitizer bottles are common in households and people keep it handy due to ward off the germs during COVID-19 pandemic. But, since maximum sanitizers are alcohol-based, they can easily catch fire. Therefore, keep your sanitizer bottles on a safe place.
3. Maintain physical distancing
Yes, we know Festivity is all about togetherness and strengthening bonds. This festive season, try and adjust to the new normal and avoid meeting people physically. It is recommended that you celebrate Diwali this year staying indoors mostly. However, if you are meeting someone, fold your hands in namaste or greet in any other way without physical contact.
4. Don’t forget your mask
It is significant to be responsible and take mandatory precautions. COVID-19 pandemic this year has made the use of mask necessary. Therefore, every time you step out, don’t forget to cover your nose and mouth to save yourself from getting infected.
People are expected to buy fiber optic and the Internet product during this Diwali season.
Diwali Combo Offer for Everyone! Candid Optronix has announced a Diwali offer for its customers in India, as a part of which, they can get free Power Meter on the purchase of a Sumitomo Splicing Machine Z2C & Deviser OTDR AE3100 at a huge discount from Candid Optronix. This Diwali offer is set to go live on 14th Nov. 2020.T&C apply
visit the official website www.optronix.in for Combo Diwali Offers - Splicing Machine & OTDR. So plan now and celebrate an Eco-Friendly Diwali with Candid Optronix
Today fiber networks are the lifeblood of high-speed networking for virtually all applications. Fiber-optic technology to reach the fastest speeds available today, as fast as 10000 Mbps (1Gpbs). For most of us, what happens behind the scenes to turn them up and keep them operating efficiently is unseen. But for technicians, engineers, and others in the industry who live it every day, keeping networks up and running is a constant challenge. Higher we push network speeds and resulting complexities, the more challenging it becomes.
If I talk about earlier slower speed network could tolerate issues with little or no impact but With higher speeds comes increased sensitivity to more factors in the network. But while continuous upgrades in technology have resulted in more dynamic and adapting networks today, the fundamental requirements for fiber performance remains mostly unchanged.
Establishing and maintaining networks requires accurate testing of the fiber infrastructure to ensure it can handle the system’s performance requirements and keep it operational. There is a wide range of tools that can accomplish these tasks, but there is arguably no other single instrument more important for testing and maintaining fiber networks than the Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR).
Determining the Health of Your Network
The OTDR has been around since the first fiber was installed and became commercially operational in the early 1980s. Today it is still the only optical test device that provides a visual view of the fiber link, providing a “fingerprint” of each fiber strand.
The information an OTDR provides is vast, including distance details from one end of the fiber to the other, performance of events in between and for the link overall. The information gained by testing with an
OTDR is effectively equivalent to creating a health certificate for the specific fiber link tested. (See Figure 1.)
A properly configured OTDR operated by an experienced technician can capture the following important fiber network data:
Length of the fiber link (meters, km, feet, or miles).
2. Distance between spans and to events in the link (splices, connectors).
3. Loss of connector interfaces and splices (dB).
4. Loss of fiber sections between splices as a function of length (dB/km).
5. Losses due to excess fiber bending (dB — varies w/ wavelength).
6. Link Optical Return Loss (ORL) in dB.
7. Optical Reflectance of each reflective event in the link (-dB).
In the preceding list of measurements, link loss and ORL are often officially documented using other traditional loss measurement methods. While OTDRs provide the same measurements using a different test method, the added benefit of using both methods is to establish a cross-correlation of test data. Since link loss and ORL performance are so important, cross-checking data results help ensure tests are performed correctly and the resulting data is valid.
In addition to cross-checking results, OTDRs have an added value of enabling identification of mismatches between connected fibers. These occur commonly when multiple reels are spliced together. Mismatches can be due to splicing or connecting old to new, between different fiber manufacturers, or between different fiber types (e.g., G.652 to G.655).
Given the wide range of test data provided by the OTDR, its value should not be underestimated. As with most comprehensive tools, purchasing an OTDR Machine is a substantial investment; and to get the most value for your money it is important to understand how to properly set up and operate the device.
Questions to Ask Before Purchasing
There are basic but critical questions important to answer before making a purchase to make sure you are buying one that meets your needs.
1. Are you using an OTDR that matches well with your applications?
2. Is your link single-mode or multimode?
3. Based on your operating wavelengths, which wavelengths should be tested?
4. How much dynamic range is needed to optimally test your fibers?
Hopefully these considerations were included during the OTDR selection and purchase process, although sometimes companies realize later that they purchased testers that were not ideally suited for their applications. That issue goes beyond the scope of this article, so we will save that topic for another time.
For this series, we will assume you have purchased the OTDR in the configuration(s) that meet your requirements. But making the right purchase is just the beginning of getting the most out of the instrument. Too many users, even experienced ones, do not realize that if the OTDR is not
setup or configured correctly for their specific parameters, then the data the fiber optic tester provides can be compromised, resulting in limited or even inaccurate results. combination of knowledge and proper setup is key to accurately assessing links to ensure optimum operation.
Real World Examples: Don’t Let This Happen to You
An OTDR properly configured for the correct testing application and used by an experienced operator is an indispensable tool. But like any other tool, if an OTDR is not properly setup for the application being tested, the results can be misleading or inaccurate.
First let’s look at some real-world scenarios where the OTDR was not optimized and therefore failed to provide the needed information.
Scenario #1: OTDR to Link Connectivity
Example: Low power launch / High reflectance
A technician has completed acceptance testing on a pair of fibers in the field. He submits a report with an OTDR trace showing high span loss (dB/km) in the initial section of the fiber and a noisy trace near the fiber end. There is also high reflectance contributing to a large dead zone which masks most of the data from the first fiber section. The result is a poor launch (low power) which also reduces the dynamic range.
Figure 2. A poor trace.
These issues translate the following to the OTDR trace:
1. The higher reflectance at the start means we cannot clearly see the near-end patch panel, and therefore we cannot measure the loss performance of that connection.
2. The high loss at the front end can also impact the trace downstream, causing it to be noisier. In especially longer links, we might be unable to display a clean, smooth trace; or we might have to use a longer pulse width to overcome the noise, which lessens our event clarity.
A technician shooting between 2 data centers submits traces showing links that appear fine at the time, but engineers reviewing the trace data later see the mid-span (where the trouble is suspected) with one wide reflection and >1dB loss. Engineers are aware of a patch through with about 150m of fiber in-between patches, but they are unable to view the 2 patch interfaces individually.
In this example, the trace might appear normal at first look or to the untrained eye. But to a skilled OTDR user, and based on the trace view and OTDR settings, a shorter pulse width could potentially separate and measure each of the mid-span panels. (See Figure 3.)
Four test teams are conducting bi-directional testing for multiple span acceptance tests. (Bi- directional means data in both directions are averaged to get the true loss data for the link.) However, management set tight work timelines to minimize testing time per job by each technician, so OTDR setups prior to testing at each span were rushed, and not all settings were checked.
Later, when engineers attempted to load the stored results during post-testing, the A>B and B>A directional data files would not line up properly with each other. File names did not match, and pulse widths and display ranges were inconsistent. This resulted in bi-directional documentation being fragmented, inconsistent, and difficult to analyze. These issues required time-consuming manual file edits to be performed to enable traces to be processed correctly. Reported results were also inconsistent due to variations in pulse widths and display ranges between test traces.
Avoiding OTDR Issues
The problems in scenarios like those noted above could have been minimized or potentially avoided all-together IF best practices were implemented and proper training and reasonable time allotments were enabled for test technicians. These practices would help to ensure correct and optimized setups and naming is implemented and validated consistently.
While the OTDR is a powerful and flexible tool, its effectiveness depends on the user’s ability and opportunity to set it up and use it properly. This series of fiber network articles will highlight the most critical aspects of OTDR operation and data collection, and it will explain how trained and savvy users can get the most from OTDR results. We will also examine problem scenarios like those introduced earlier in more detail, and explain how to avoid them.
Coming Up Next
Stay tuned for our next installment: “OTDR to Link Connectivity” — the first step in effective testing. We will explore why good connectivity is so important. We’ll look at how good connectivity and poor connectivity differ visually and the most common reasons for each. And we will share best practices on how to optimize connectivity when using an OTDR and how this helps to get the best testing results.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched nine infrastructure development projects, worth Rs 14,000 crores, for Bihar, through video conferencing on Monday. The Prime Minister also inaugurated the 'Ghar Tak Fibre' Project under which all 45,945 villages of Bihar will be connected through optical fibre internet service.
The project will enable a digital revolution to reach the farthest corner of the state. This project will be executed by combined efforts of the Department of Telecom, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, and Common Service Centres(CSC).
The Project would also entail the implementation of 1 wi-fi and 5 free of cost connections to Government Institutions like Primary Schools, Anganwadi Centres, Aasha Workers, Jeevika Didi etc.
This project will lead digital services like e-Education, e-Agriculture, Tele-Medicine, Tele-law and other social security schemes to be easily available to all citizens of Bihar at the click of the button.
Here's what the prime minister said at the inaugural ceremony
Nine-projects have been inaugurated which include making six-lane highways, and three bridges on rivers. I congratulate the people of Bihar for getting these projects.
Today is not only useful for Bihar but for the several countries, today India is taking a big step to make its villages a basis of Atmanirbhar Bharat and I am happy that it is happy from Bihar.
Under this project in the next 1,000 days, one lakh villages in the country will be connected through optical fiber
I have full belief that with Nitish Ji's good governance, strong will the work will be completed fast in a rapidly developing Bihar.
